In the early 19th century, the prevailing belief about the Universe was one of Determinism. Determinism, both a scientific and philosophical concept, posited that every event in the Universe was governed by prior causes or conditions; given identical initial conditions and the laws of nature, the same outcomes would unfailingly occur on each occasion. This idea was formulated by Laplace, a distinguished French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.
However, as Determinism also extended into the realm of philosophy, it suggests that our destinies were preordained and unalterable.
Presently, our planet is confronting the crisis of becoming uninhabitable, at least for many species, including humans, within the next few hundred years. Climate change, predominantly driven by human activities such as the emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, is the worst threat.
Dibyendu Chaudhuri